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Client-side script and DOM
Client-side script is the term for ‘programme’ routines that are executed on the client side, in the visitor's browser. Examples of client-side script languages are ECMAScript, Netscape’s JavaScript, Microsoft’s Jscript and VBScript.
Markup languages, like HTML and XML, are not script languages; they cannot be used for programming constructions, such as repeating instructions or making decisions.
The optional nature of client-side scripts
Do not use client-side scripts for essential functionality on web pages, unless the lack of support for these scripts can be compensated by HTML alternatives and/or server-side scripts. 
Document Object Model
The Document Object Model (DOM) Level 1 is a standard for describing the hierarchy of XML and HTML elements in the computer's memory. It is similar to a tree model. DOM enables script languages to manipulate these elements.
